Jane Eyre: a Critical Analysis of Gender Relations in Victorian Literature

Jane Eyre: A Critical Analysis of Gender Relations in Victorian Literature Modern culture will in general view the Victorian time as one of abuse and limitation, regardless of the social and social change of the time. This inconsistency alludes, in enormous, to the imperatives forced on the female sex. Ladies in Victorian England were seen as substandard compared to their male partners, and were allotted plainly characterized jobs inside society. Their treatment is a subject that is investigated and evaluated all through the writing of the time, and resulting examination by abstract commentators.As Maynard remarks (1984); ‘Few onlookers of the Victorian Scene have neglected to call attention to the surprising level of sexual restriction forced upon public activity and distributed literature’. In any case, it is in crafted by the Bronte sisters that one observers the most complete, and here and there alarming record of the social and sex limitations of the time. This pape r will focus on the novel Jane Eyre, composed by Charlotte Bronte, and distributed in 1847 under the nom de plume Bell.The appropriation of a male nom de plume itself mirrors a basic social preference towards female writers, as sketched out by the writer; ‘Averse to individual exposure, we hidden our own names under those of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell†¦ while we didn't care to pronounce ourselves women†¦ we had an ambiguous impression that writers are obligated to be looked on with prejudice’ (Smith, 2000). This fairly upsetting perception by the writer establishes the pace of the novel itself, and suggests what it is actually that separate the Bronte sisters from their peers; their ‘unfeminine’ style of writing.Jane Eyre is, basically, a romantic tale, and focuses on the fundamental character’s mission to discover genuine affection. It can't be classed, notwithstanding, as an exclusively sentimental novel as the character’s missi on for adoration includes a battle for equivalent treatment, social acknowledgment, and worth. In doing as such, she questions and won't adjust to a variety of accepted practices related with the period. Jane’s want to be adored is obvious in the initial phases of the story, in her discussion with Helen Burn’s; ‘if others don't cherish me I would prefer to bite the dust than live†¦I would eagerly submit to have the bone of my arm broken, or to let a bull hurl me, or to remain behind a kicking pony, and let it run its foot at my chest’ (Bronte, 1847). This to some degree upsetting understanding into the youthful Eyre’s mentality catches her mission for ‘true love’, rather than the cold connections and relationships related with the time. This affiliation is seen by Jane’s inevitable spouse, Mr Rochester, in his first marriage;  ‘Bertha Antoinette Mason, she was needed by my dad for her fortune. I barely talked with he r before the wedding. I lived with her for 4 years.Her temper matured, her indecencies jumped up, vicious and unchaste’ (Bronte, 1847). Rochester’s outline of the ‘marriage’ is an upsetting understanding into the orchestrated, and socially worthy, relationships of the time. Bronte separates her hero from her friends in her perspectives on adoration, yet further concretes this distinction in her proceeded with analysis of the mentalities of the Victorian class. This is obvious in section 17 specifically, when she addresses her developing affections for Mr Rochester; ‘You have nothing to do with the ace of Thornfield, farther than to get the pay he gives you for showing his protege†¦. o don't make him the object of your fine feelings’. (Bronte, 1847) It turns out to be clear, in any case, that in spite of Jane’s endeavors to control her feelings, she is taking on a losing conflict and is getting progressively delighted with Mr Roches ter, responding in a warmed endless supply of a letter from him; ‘And while she broke the seal and scrutinized the report, I continued taking my coffee†¦ Why my hand shook, and why I automatically spilt a large portion of the substance of my cup into my saucer, I didn't decide to consider’ (Bronte, 1847).Jane’s work as a tutor by Mr Rochester further confounds her circumstance and her expanding love for her manager. Hedgecock sums up the job of the tutor in Victorian culture (2008): ‘in customary Victorian life, the tutor is simply the refined old maid, destroying, having no aspirations outside the home wherein she is exposed to an existence of dependency’. Eyre, be that as it may, was not ready to comply with ‘ordinary Victorian life’, nor was she ready to fit the shape of the unassuming governess.Eyre’s consistent battle with her affections for Rochester is affected all through by the standards of society at that point, and her versatility to them. She is reluctant to wed Rochester while Bertha is still in the image, as it would compare her to a special lady, a place that she entirely dislikes and one which Rochester wishes her to take: ‘As a wedded man you will disregard me, keep out of my way: seconds ago you have wouldn't kiss me’. (Bronte, 1847). Regardless of Eyre inevitably wedding Rochester, when his better half has died, she declines all through to fit in with and follow the social decorum of the time.Just like her maker, she is practically manly all through the novel, in this way depicted through her own qualities and quality of character. It tends to be comprehended that Charlotte Bronte delineated herself through the duration of Jane Eyre, and utilized her anecdotal character as one whom displayed and nearly copied Bronte as an individual. Eyre had the equivalent solid drive in looking for correspondence and freedom as a lady. Her refusal in tolerating the congruities of the ti me mirrors Bronte.Bernstein (1997) puts things in place for those non-acquainted with the Victorian time: ‘in the bigger social setting of Victorian England where ladies are not agreed by law or by custom much chance to follow up on their own behalf’. This backings the thought process behind Bronte and her activities. It depicts the sexual orientation jobs, which firmly impacted people’s conduct and personalities. This ‘social rule’ fuelled women’s perseverance of the deigning perspectives about a woman’s spot, insight, and voice. Hence, thus, Jane became exposed to a daunting task to get autonomous and perceived for her own qualities.Bronte endeavors to delineate how close to home temperances are preferred markers of character over class. The red-room referenced in the novel is an allegorical picture for Jane’s entanglement in the existence she is relied upon to lead. An existence of capture from society, restricting her opportu nity because of her free streak, race and first †sex. Eyre’s battles in endeavoring to conquer the mistreatment are the entirety of a presentation through the ladylike development, wherein the Bronte sisters each assumed a huge job in setting off. Eyre shows qualities of manliness, such of which in Victorian period would just be restricted to that of male prominence.The solid association made between both writer and character is obvious to the peruser. Taking everything into account, Jane Eyre catches the battle and persecution looked by the ladies of Victorian Britain. Regardless of the inevitable cheerful closure of the novel, the lead character is compelled to defeat exacting social and sex limitations so as to be with her genuine romance. We see all through the novel, in any case, that Eyre is an uncommon character at that point and speaks to just few ladies who were discreetly moving against society’s desires for them.Charlotte, the oldest of the Bronte siste rs, got respectably the most basic acknowledgment with her creation, Jane Eyre. Generally, the three Bronte sisters are profoundly known in English writing for their recorded noticeable quality that made them noteworthy to the time of the Victorians. Their vocation painted the way wherein their work followed and their childhood significantly affected their convictions and standpoints. The three sister’s solid and willing attributes supported them in conveying what can be seen as staples in writing, and for a considerable length of time become just more grounded with development and eminence.As Winnifrith (1988) expressed; ‘the Brontes had the boldness to split away from the practically general conviction that miscreants justified interminable punishment’. This reflects upon their autonomy and quality in taking a stab at their own convictions and communicating their sentiments. These conclusions were of such solid height, bringing about the ability to in content t heir everlasting impact on the writing of the Victorian time and even on English writing in general. List of sources Bernstein, Susan David. Confession booth Subjects: Revelations of Gender and Power in Victorian Literature and Culture. USA: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997.Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Joined Kingdom: Smith, Elder and Co, 1847. Hedgecock, Jennifer. The Femme Fatale in Victorian Literature: The Danger and the Sexual Threat. New York: Cambria Press, 2008. Maynard, John. Charlotte Bronte and Sexuality. Incredible Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Smith, Margaret. The Letters of Charlotte Bronte: Volume II: 1848-1851, with a choice of letters by loved ones. Joined Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 2000. Winnifrith, Tom. The Brontes and their Background: Romance and Reality, Second Edition. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1988.

Free Essays on Final Solution

Perhaps the best mystery encompassing the Holocaust and all the more along these lines, Nazi Policies towards Jews is revealing when and how Hitler’s Final Decision developed. The readings for class, Christopher Browning’s â€Å"The Decision for the Final Solution†, Karl Schleunes’ â€Å"Retracing the Twisted Road† and Lucy Dawidowicz’s The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945, introduced intriguing standpoints noting no lone the idea of how the Final Solution was shaped, yet in addition the course of events with which the arrangement would be followed. The major hidden inquiry is if the orderly homicide of the European Jews was defined before World War II or during it. Was the pulverization, expulsion, and obliteration of the Jews part of his general arrangement for the German realm? This discussion between the Intentionalists (Hitler had the possibility of evacuation/murder from the beginning) and the Functionalists (Other arrangements towards against Semitism didn't work; murder was the main choice) is verbalized in the assessments of the three creators. Dawidowicz is a ultraintentionalist and contends that as right on time as 1919, Hitler had chosen to annihilate the European Jews (Browning, 97). Schleunes contends that in spite of the fact that Hitler had voiced, as ahead of schedule as 1919, his desires to eliminate the Jews from Europe, he proceeds by focusing on the various implications of the word eradicate. Eliminate can likewise mean emigrate, or expulsion from Europe †not really murder. He proceeds by contending tha t there was no brought together â€Å"extermination† of Jews for quite a while until the late 1930s. Endless supply of all the unique, free strategies to evacuate the Jews, eradication through homicide appeared to generally plausible to the German reason. Sautéing, in his article, presents the two boundaries than offers his very own understanding as a â€Å"moderate functionalist†. He doesn't prevent the criticalness from securing Hitler’s hostile to Semitism, just contends that the cognizant killing of the Jews was not inferred well ahead of time (... Free Essays on Final Solution Free Essays on Final Solution Probably the best riddle encompassing the Holocaust and all the more in this way, Nazi Policies towards Jews is revealing when and how Hitler’s Final Decision advanced. The readings for class, Christopher Browning’s â€Å"The Decision for the Final Solution†, Karl Schleunes’ â€Å"Retracing the Twisted Road† and Lucy Dawidowicz’s The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945, introduced intriguing standpoints noting no lone the idea of how the Final Solution was framed, yet additionally the course of events with which the arrangement would be followed. The major fundamental inquiry is if the orderly homicide of the European Jews was defined before World War II or during it. Was the devastation, evacuation, and demolition of the Jews part of his general arrangement for the German domain? This discussion between the Intentionalists (Hitler had the possibility of expulsion/murder from the beginning) and the Functionalists (Other arrangements towards against Semitism didn't work; murder was the main choice) is verbalized in the assessments of the three creators. Dawidowicz is a ultraintentionalist and contends that as right on time as 1919, Hitler had chosen to eliminate the European Jews (Browning, 97). Schleunes contends that in spite of the fact that Hitler had voiced, as right on time as 1919, his desires to annihilate the Jews from Europe, he proceeds by focusing on the various implications of the word kill. Kill can likewise mean emigrate, or expulsion from Europe †not really murder. He proceeds by contending that there was no brought together â€Å"extermination† of Jews for quite a while until the late 1930s. Endless supply of all the extraordinary, autonomous strategies to evacuate the Jews, annihilation through homicide appeared to generally practical to the German reason. Carmelizing, in his article, presents the two boundaries than offers his very own understanding as a â€Å"moderate functionalist†. He doesn't preclude the essentialness from securing Hitler’s hostile to Semitism, just contends that the cognizant elimination of the Jews was not determined well ahead of time (... Free Essays on Final Solution Probably the best conundrum encompassing the Holocaust and all the more along these lines, Nazi Policies towards Jews is revealing when and how Hitler’s Final Decision developed. The readings for class, Christopher Browning’s â€Å"The Decision for the Final Solution†, Karl Schleunes’ â€Å"Retracing the Twisted Road† and Lucy Dawidowicz’s The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945, introduced intriguing viewpoints noting no lone the idea of how the Final Solution was framed, yet in addition the course of events with which the arrangement would be followed. The major hidden inquiry is if the orderly homicide of the European Jews was figured before World War II or during it. Was the decimation, evacuation, and obliteration of the Jews part of his general arrangement for the German realm? This discussion between the Intentionalists (Hitler had the possibility of expulsion/murder from the start) and the Functionalists (Other arrangements towards hostile to Semitism didn't work; murder was the main alternative) is verbalized in the assessments of the three creators. Dawidowicz is a ultraintentionalist and contends that as ahead of schedule as 1919, Hitler had chosen to eliminate the European Jews (Browning, 97). Schleunes contends that despite the fact that Hitler had voiced, as ahead of schedule as 1919, his desires to eliminate the Jews from Europe, he proceeds by focusing on the various implications of the word eradicate. Eradicate can likewise mean emigrate, or expulsion from Europe †not really murder. He proceeds by contending tha t there was no brought together â€Å"extermination† of Jews for quite a while until the late 1930s. Endless supply of all the extraordinary, free strategies to evacuate the Jews, killing through homicide appeared to generally plausible to the German reason. Searing, in his article, presents the two boundaries than offers his very own knowledge as a â€Å"moderate functionalist†. He doesn't preclude the criticalness from claiming Hitler’s hostile to Semitism, just contends that the cognizant eradication of the Jews was not determined well ahead of time (...

A Literary Advent Calendar

A Literary Advent Calendar Behold! We bring good tidings and cheer! And also an advent calendar of Christmas poems, essays, and short stories. We trust you to police yourselves (unless you just want to binge on all them  at once, in which case no judgment). And remember: via GIPHY December 1st   December 2nd December 3rd December 4th December 5th December 6th December 7th   December 8th December 9th December 10th December 11th December 12th December 13th December 14th December 15th December 16th December 17th December 18th December 19th December 20th December 21st December 22nd December 23rd   December 24th December 25th

Evaluation of Correctional Education Essay - 1126 Words

Many correctional education programs focus on prisoner’s way of thinking and ability to make decisions. One of the many reasons criminals keep returning to prison is because they are often times released after many years of being incarcerated and have no assistance while returning to society. Correctional education programs are designed to eliminate such way of thinking so prison re-entry rate will drop. Programs such as Preparing Inmates for Re-Entry through Assistance, Training, and Employment Skills (PIRATES) are developed to reduce offenders’ negative career thoughts and teach essential skills in order to return back to society (Musgrove, Derzis, Shippen, Brigman, 2012). Additionally, such programs are not only beneficial to†¦show more content†¦Similarly, a sociologic based research at the Correction Education Department at McKean educated offenders using self-determination theory. Noting from another research that programs offering general education at i ncarceration facilities may result in tension between the offenders and educators, Danni McKinney, Ph.D. and Michael A. Cotronea educated prisoners by continually modifying courses their participants’ attended. After each session, the scientists asked their students for course evaluations, and handed surveys which analyzed offender’s likeness of the course. While continually modifying three course offering, the scientists noticed an increase of participation and likeness of their course. Their results concluded that student’s level of success in certain courses affect their likeness of the course and theirs educators (2011). Moreover, the studies had also been conducted to evaluate correctional programs’ effects on recidivism. All studies point to one conclusion; offenders who participate in correctional education programs are less likely to return to prison after being released. For example, researchers at the Indiana Department of Correction (IDOC) eval uated correctional education’s effect on inmates who participated in the programs offered in IDOC and compared their results with a group that had notShow MoreRelatedEducation Is The Best Legacy And Most Profitable Achievement That Someone Can Have1524 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s, education is the best legacy and most profitable achievement that someone can have. Education is like a pillar that millions of people depend on even, most people believe that without education you can make it in life. Educating the prisoner has been a debate over the ages because people think that there is no life after being released from prison. Although it is not all the offender that are not educated, some even are professional workers, like a doctor, teacher, manager, director,Read MoreThe University Of Southern Mississippi848 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the achievement of a doctoral degree. 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God s Love Is Infinite, Unconditional, And Pure - 1024 Words

Lourdes Rendon According to Laudato Si, God created us with love, God’s love is infinite, unconditional, and pure. Our creator gave us land, water, heavens, and much more other beautiful things. In addition to this, Pope talks about the disputed topic of the actual definition of â€Å"dominion† on Genesis 1:26. The bible states â€Å"Then God said, â€Å"Let us make humankind in our image, according to our likeliness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the cattle, and over all the wild animals of the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.† By this Laudato Si’ claims that by â€Å"dominion† the bible meant â€Å"tilling and keeping,† â€Å"tilling† for cultivating and â€Å"keeping† for taking care of the land he gave us with much love. He claims that humanity is self-centered and doesn’t put thought on our very own community nor own environment, like they should. 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Foreign Policy Free Essays

The first set of failures in foreign policy during this period can be traced back to the re-elected Churchill, whose refusal to accept Britain’s diminished post-war role. A key mistake this led to was Churchill complete intolerance of any further disconsolation, despite the beginnings of the breakup of the Empire as far back as 1947 with Indian’s Pakistanis independence, Churchill delusions Of Imperialism cost Britain greatly, his stubborn stance against disconsolation led to many violent uprisings, most notably in Malay and the AMA AMA billion in Kenya, both costly and ultimately unsuccessful for Britain. In took until MacMillan before disconsolation sped up, this meant a period of far too long when Britain attempted to cling on to the Empire, a very costly mistake. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Britain’s global status was further diminished when Churchill key foreign policy of a ‘3-power Summit’ was dashed, again this highlighted that Britain was no longer a world-power but was yet realize the fact. As Dean Achaeans – a US diplomat – said, â€Å"Britain has lost an Empire and has not yet found a role,† sentiment applicable no more so than to Winston Churchill. In 1 956, Britain’s illusions were shattered. The attempt to hang on to the role of a superpower finally came to a crashing halt as the Suez Crisis provided a brutal revelation of Britain’s financial and political weaknesses. The conspiracy between France, Israel and Britain was so dangerous it was almost lunatic. Britain’s first blunder in his crisis was initially failing to properly consult the Americans, Eden blindly assumed that the Americans would back an attempt to free the Suez Canal, however the truth was an entirely different Tory. The American’s reaction was instead one of disbelief followed by anger, Eisenhower rang up Eden on the telephone hotlist swearing expletives and publicly they didn’t hold back either. Britain initially stood firm, debuting their veto power in the I-JNI Security Council against a call for an immediate ceasefire, however the subsequent backlash was catastrophic. Eventually Britain gave up the ghost and withdrew. The consequences of the Crisis for Britain were severe, it was politically disastrous, the press were damning over Suez and eventually it cost Eden his job, Britain’s prestige had suffered and her world role was called into question. The withdrawal, whilst a failure not of military resolve, but rather political will, was an admission that a post-war Britain could not act alone. In fact argued that Suez began the end Of the Empire, however it also lead to a foreign policy change into more realistic territory. The Suez Crisis proved to be a turning point in Britain’s military policy. It was the last time that Britain would attempt independent action abroad of this type. Britain made the mistake of over-stretching themselves in their aims abroad, they wanted it all. In 1951 , Britain committed to a British nuclear deterrent, the Korean War and later they repressed uprisings in the Empire. It couldn’t last and Britain saw the repercussions, from 1957 the standing army fell from around 700,000 to 375,000 and in 1 960 Britain’s Blue Streak missile programmer failed so once again we relied on America this time for nuclear technology in the form of Polaris their submarine missile technology. That Britain, in the words of Andrew Marry, Were ordered home room Suez at a snap of American fingers’ highlighted how in this new global order, Britain needed allies. Belief in British Imperialism had been shattered by the Suez Crisis and disconsolation. This led to a policy change and Britain were keen to foster European alliances. Since the inception of the SEC, Britain had been offered an ‘open door’ to a key position in the organization, however, Britain chose to ignore this. They made the error of being myopic towards Europe and believed the future was in the Commonwealth, this cost them dear and by 1 958, and Britain had ‘missed the bus’ on Europe. However, the failure to join the SEC in this period can’t all be blamed on foreign policy mistakes. In fact Britain’s 1 961 application to join Europe was running fairly smoothly, indeed under Edward Heath the negotiations seemed to have been eventually successful by 1 963 and as Britain prepared to add a success to her foreign policy record, things were scupper, not by British foolishness, but by French intervention. There are many theories as to why De Gaulle vetoed Britain’s application, political power-playing or worries over British ointment among them, however it can be argued that this was not a British failure. Overall at least MacMillan recognized the importance in joining Europe and made the first steps towards membership. Britain also avoided other mistakes in foreign policy, most importantly with disconsolation. After Suez, uprisings in Kenya other colonies and the ending of illusions of grandeur, it was becoming clear to the world the Empire was at an end, and by the time of MacMillan, Britain too was realizing this. How to cite Foreign Policy, Papers

Mercy Among Children

Mercy Among Children tells the story of Sydney, a man who was separated from his family for various reasons and who had to find ways and means to fend off the loneliness that was beginning to consume him. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mercy Among Children – The Story About Homesick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He had a sense of sadness that comes from the pit of the stomach, that aching for familiarity that he knew to be homesickness. It was difficult for him to be away from his family for so long. It was later on that he discovered that by reading books, he could feel that he was no longer alone. He was a proud man. He would never admit to others that he missed his family, nor that he wanted to go home. Instead, he hid his homesickness by reading books. The books broke his sense of isolation. His character explained within the story that when one is reading books: †¦ you are not alone — even along this broken tractor road. You need to know nothing else. (Mercy Among The Children) Whether he admitted it to himself or not, he missed his family. To quote from the story itself: †¦ he was ready to go home. He would walk nine miles out to the highway and catch the bus back to the Miramichi. Tomorrow night he would be with Elly again. he would hold and kiss Percy. He thought of the miles ahead of him and they seemed an insult; he wanted them to be gone in a second. (Mercy Among The Children) The longing for the love and care of his family was the source of his homesickness. Yet he tried to stay away for three long years so he could provide a better future for them. He sacrificed his personal happiness for them. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Homesickness was a perennial illness for him and he knew that the only cure was to finally go home to the people he cared for and loved him back. Now, Sydney found himself ready and very much excited to go home, and go home he did. Being a student who is currently living in a foreign land, I find mysel ffully identifying with the sadness that Sydney felt. Sometimes, homesickness becomes unbearable,. Even though I know that I am doing this for my and my family’s future, it does not lessen the pining that I have for my family. This was a new world for me. It was world where I barely spoke and understood the language, nor did I have any friends. Time has not changed my longing for the presence of my family in my daily life. Now I realize that the saying â€Å"You never know what you had till you lose it† is true. I used to take my mother and father’s care for granted. I got so used to having them there for me all the time that it has become almost impossible for me to adjust to life without them, without the creature comforts that home offered me. In this world, I make do with phone c alls to my family, hearing their words of love and comfort that are meant to keep me strong — but only weaken my resolve not to miss them in the process. These days, I do not have the unconditional support of my family to fall back on. I am constantly surrounded by people and yet I feel so alone and lonely. I guess it is already obvious that just like Sydney in the story, I am consumed by homesickness and wish for nothing more than to finally go home to the loving embrace of my mother and father. The only thing that gives me the strength to go on with my life here, is the knowledge that eventually, I will be back home in Cambodia, and my homesickness will finally come to an end. It is not easy to be homesick. It takes a lot of effort to get through the day when you are dealing with it. But just like Sydney, you will find a way to make the loneliness go away. Then it won’t hurt so much and you can have a semblance of a life. Until the time comes when you can finally go home.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mercy Among Children – The Story About Homesick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Mercy Among Children – The Story About Homesick was written and submitted by user Lorenzo Pierce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Maestro-comparison essays

Maestro-comparison essays Through studying the texts My Father Began as a God, by Ian Mudie, and Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis, my perceptions on identity and the change in identity, over a period of time have been deeply affected. The feature article Pride of Place, appearing in a Good Weekend, also The Wogboy, (directed by Aleksi Vellius), gave me great insight into others perceptions of the stereotypical personas in todays society. Finally Maestro, written by Peter Gold worthy, this novel proves that identity is very dynamic, and accumulative. Also this novel shows the consequences of a clash of personalities, in a small community. The novel Maestro describes how identity is not static, but very much alive, and also accumulative. Through the use of contrast, between one part of Pauls life, to another, the responders of the text can observe this accumulation of happenings which shape the main protagonists character. This idea of an accumulative identity is also present in the poem My Father began as a God, as time goes on the more the composer sees himself as one more of all the little men, or similar to his father. The little man can be taken literally as height, or metaphorically as a man, who has shrunk in strength, and knowledge. There is a progression throughout the poem; it starts by talking about his father, as a God, this was when he was young. Through adolescence, he starts to see him shrink, finally close to the end; he discovers that he too, has now shrunk, perhaps to his own family. These texts have enforced my understanding of the affect incidences have on people, and how they deal with this. A change in both self, and community identity are closely related to this progression explored in Maestro, and My Father Began as a God. In the film, The Wogboy, Steves attitudes to politics, and life in general change completely. This is done through a contrast betwee...

ACT Test Dates 2018-2019

ACT Test Dates 2018-2019 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At PrepScholar, we constantly review the best data to inform you about future test dates. If you know the future registration dates and test schedule, you can create your study plan and stay organized, allowing you to lessen your stress and reach your target score. In this article, I’ll give you the the ACT test dates for 2018-2019 and explain the factors to think about when choosing your test date. ACT Test Dates for 2018-2019 Here are the anticipated test dates, registration deadlines, and score release dates for 2018-2019. The test dates are confirmed by ACT, Inc., the others are our projections based on historical data. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Score Release* Sept 8, 2018 Aug 3, 2018 Aug 17, 2018 Sept 18; Oct 2, 2018 Oct 27, 2018 Sept 21, 2018 Oct 5, 2018 Nov 6; Nov 20, 2018 Dec 8, 2018 Nov 2, 2018 Nov 16, 2018 Dec 18, 2018; Jan 1, 2019 Feb 9, 2019 Jan 4, 2019 Jan 18, 2019 Feb 19; Mar 5, 2019 Apr 13, 2019 Mar 8, 2019 Mar 22, 2019 Apr 23; May 7, 2019 June 8, 2019 May 3, 2019 May 17, 2019 June 18; July 2, 2019 July 13, 2019 June 14, 2019 June 21, 2019 July 23; Aug 6, 2019 *= Refers to online score release. The first date is when multiple choice scores come out, and the second one is when complete scores are available. How Accurate Is the Table Above? All of the dates are projected and subject to change. The final schedule will be released within roughly a year of the test dates. However, based on previous years’ dates, this schedule should be close to accurate. The score release dates are the least precise, but they should be within a week of the projected dates. Keep in mind that there's some inconsistency when multiple choice scores come out and not everyone receives them at the same time. How to Choose Your Test Date These are some of the major factors to consider when selecting your ACT test date: Know Your Deadlines! Take the ACT before your earliest college application deadlines. If you apply regular decision, the December test in your senior year will be the last test you can take for most colleges. If you apply early, the last test you can take may be in October or November of your senior year. Also, if you're hoping to get any scholarships that consider your ACT score, you’ll need to have your test score before the scholarship deadlines. How Many Times Do You Want to Take the ACT? Because most students increase their scores when they retake the ACT, you should give yourself an opportunity to take the test multiple times. Generally, we suggest first taking the ACT in the fall of your junior year. Then you can retake it in the spring of your junior year and the fall of your senior year if necessary. How Long Do You Plan to Study? When selecting your test date, figure out how long you’ll need to study and ensure you’ll be able to sufficiently prepare before you take the test. If you take both the September and October tests without doing any studying in between, your score probably won’t improve much. Do You Have Conflicts With Any Test Dates? Check to see if you have any potential conflicts on or around any of the ACT test dates. Maybe the February date is on the same day as your orchestra concert. Or perhaps you want to avoid the June test date because you’ll be focused on your finals. Even if it's challenging to find a time when you can fully dedicate yourself to the ACT, you should try to pick the best test dates for you. What's Next? Still not sure when you should take the ACT? Find out if you should pick the next available date. Even if you know when you want to take the ACT, learn more about where you should take it. Finally, read about our tips for signing up for the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

HRM- Individual Report 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

HRM- Individual Report 1 - Essay Example However, the practice of the effective leadership process also involves the intervention of the learning method by the leader along with the evaluation of the organisational development (Collins, 2002). Likewise, Leadership and Management Development (LMD) have been witnessed as widely practiced by contemporary organisations to stimulate operational efficiency through enhanced use of the human resources. Hereby, the report tends to develop a critical understanding about the fundamental concept of LMD along with the objectives and purposes within an organisation. Moreover, the report also details the strategic process of LMD and explores its relationship with organisational performance from a critical perspective. The concept of LMD can be simply elaborated as a planned and integrated approach, which enables managers and leaders of a particular organisation to increase their operational controlling and management efficiencies. In relation to the rapidly developing business environment, the definition of LMD can be termed as an effective learning approach for the leaders and/or managers to develop their competency level in response to the changing opportunities and trends in the respective business industry (CIPD, 2010). The primary objective of LMD may consist of numerous practices that not only improves controlling and managing capabilities of the organisation, but also helps managers and leaders to strengthen their decision-making processes. The objectives of LMD can be observed to characterise few major aspects that can enable leaders and managers to improve their performances within an organisation (CIPD, 2010). Cropping or fertilising knowledge and managerial capabilities of the leaders is further ascertained as one of the major objectives of LMD. Moreover, enabling leaders to gain adequate managing capability of the organisational inheritance can

Managing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing Diversity and Equal Opportunity - Essay Example The female literacy and economic empowerment is crucial not only for development but also for the children in the country. It is emphasized in the millennium development goals that child health and literacy levels in a nation show the quality of future population. Thus, at this epoch, management diversity with the provision of equal opportunity is a must to stimulate the economic growth of a country. The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The parliament of United Kingdom had passed another gender related Act in 1975. The name of this Act was Sex Discrimination Act. This Act attempted to eradicate the discriminations on the grounds of sex and marriage in United Kingdom. The Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) was established under the regime of this Act in U.K. The major concern of this Act was to create equal opportunities for both men and women in the workplaces. It was believed by the government of U.K., that progress of the nation would be just impossible without the support of gender u nbiased features in the economy (NCJRS, 1979). Equal Pay Act 1970 The parliament of United Kingdom (U.K.) in 1970 had established the Equal Pay Act that was related to gender issues in the economy. This Act primarily concentrated in reducing the unequal treatments between genders regarding factors like pay and employment opportunities. The Act was incorporated in the country after five years in 1975. The Act considered the factors like pensions, top wages, and leaves which are allotted equally to both the gender in the workplaces. However, the employers protecting their pay rights under the norms of this Act were supposed to consider that the work done by a competitor (whose salary the employers claims) should be same to the work executed by the employer. This Act made it sure that the salaries of two employees are same when the work load is alike. Differentials in pay would be gender neutral (EEOC, 2013). Case Studies Dr Bhal is an African black woman who lived in United Kingdom si nce she was 9 years old. This was the phase of time when the government of U.K. was demanding for equal opportunities for both men and women the country. So as a representative of the Commerce and Industry group in 1990, Dr Bhal was elected as one of the members of Council of Law Society in U.K. In 1993, she became the chairman of the EOC (Bailii, 2006). Dr Bhal had adopted active measures to improve the condition of women in U.K. Her work was appreciated by many officials in the U.K.’s government body. However, traces of her arrogance and rude behaviour were reported in 1998. Jean Johnson the director of the Human Resources claimed that Dr Bhal spoke to him very rudely over official calls (Xperthr, n.d.). The Director of Corporate Management also commented that Dr Bhals attitude in the business affairs were not good at all. It was very difficult to comment on the actual reason for such claims; it could take place due to gender discriminations or could also occur because Dr B hal became egotistical in her attitude. Ultimately the Law Society made Dr Bhal resign on such grounds. Dr Bhal claimed that this was done because the Law Society was gender biased in U.K. and filed a case against the organization in this ground. Dr Bhal’s strong comments to the media claimed that the Law Society had inherent â€Å"fossilised bureaucracy† and was â€Å"full of champagne-sipping racists†. On one hand, the staffs claimed that Kamlesh Bhal’s attitude was shrewd and unprofessional. On the other hand, Dr Bhal has claimed that alpha

Essay --

The Third Phase of the war was the Danish intervention. Christian IV of Denmark had a strong interest in Germany. He was Lutheran so supported the Lutheran rulers of Lower Saxony. But he also had land in German. He was Duke of Holstein and the ruler of Hamburg, and his second son was made bishop. As a result Christian had himself appointed war leader and raised an army of 20,000-35,000 mercenaries, partly funded by France. The Protestants were suddenly inspired with fresh hope as Denmark became the first major European nation to enter the war (Thomas). In the 27 of August the Battle of Lutter-am-Bamberg began with a Catholic League army under Count Tilly. Tilly defeated the forces of Christian IV of Denmark at Lutter am Barenberge in the Imperial Circle Estate of Lower Saxony. Both armies had approximately 20,000 men. Three times the imperial infantry broke through the Danish line only to be driven back by a cavalry counter-attack. However, when the Catholics captured the Danish artillery, the Danes panicked and retreated. The Danish losses were roughly 4,000 dead, 2,000 wounded, and 2,500 prisoners (Richard). It was a significant loss of the protestant forces of Denmark. The Danish army had eventually been whittled away by catholic forces in further wars ending with a treaty binding Denmark to stop its support of the protestant German states, thus, ending the Danish intervention. The next phase, known as the Swedish intervention, began with Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden; he was the next foreign ruler to come to the aid of the German Lutherans and to seek political and financial advantage in Germany. Both France and the Dutch sent subsidies. In 1630 Gustav landed 13,000 men at Peenemunde. From 1630 to 1634, Swedish-led armie... ...ear later the French government was distracted by a rebellion, and the Spanish saw an opportunity to retake the city. The Prince de Condà © rushed from Catalonia to Flanders and cobbled together an army of 16,000 men and 18 guns to face the Archduke’s 18,000 men and 38 guns. Cavalry dominated both armies, with more than half the troops being horse. The Spanish deployed on high ground so Condà © decided to withdraw. This encouraged the Spanish cavalry to skirmish with the French rear guard. The fighting escalated into a full battle. The Spanish infantry drove their French counterparts back, breaking the regiment. However, French cavalry re-routed and enveloped the Spanish center. The French lost 3.500 casualties, but inflicted 3,000 dead or wounded and took 5,000 prisoners (Thomas). The war ended in Prague after the swedes snuck in ransacked and looted the Prague castle.

Thorn Queen Chapter Eight

Kiyo was gone the next morning, as I'd suspected he would be. We'd stumbled inside to my little-used bedroom once it started raining, and his side of the bed was cold, telling me he'd left some time ago. I sighed, trying not to let the knowledge of him being with Maiwenn get me down, and headed out to see what was going on in Queen Eugenie's domain. The first thing I picked up on was that everyone was really excited that it had rained. We'd returned to normal sunny conditions this morning, but last night's rain had brought the land to life. Cacti bloomed. The trees seemed stronger. And while there were no ostensible signs of excess water, I could sense it in the ground and even slightly in the air. Had having sex caused it? Maybe. Maybe not. Regardless, I was pleased with my good deed. I made motions to leave, but Rurik stopped me. â€Å"Don't you want to question the prisoners?† I paused. What I wanted was to go home, shower, and change into clean clothes. â€Å"Can't you do that?† I asked. He frowned. â€Å"Well, certainly, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But it should be my job. That was the unspoken message. I suspected Aeson would have never done such a thing. He would have left it to thugs. I knew if I delegated it to Rurik, he'd do it without (much) complaint. There was something in his eyes, though, that told me he expected more of me than an ordinary monarch. I'd never expected to gain such regard from him-or to feel so uneasy about it. Rurik had pissed me off to no end in the past, but suddenly, I didn't want to disappoint him. â€Å"Okay,† I said. â€Å"Let's do it.† I'd interrogated plenty of monsters, gentry, and even humans in my day. But there was something weird about interrogating prisoners. It was strange enough to learn that I actually had a dungeon in the castle. There were even shackles on the wall, but thankfully, our two prisoners weren't bound. They were a man and a woman, both ragged and sullen. He looked my age; she looked older. I entered the bronze-barred cell, Rurik and another guard behind me. I crossed my arms over my chest and swallowed my misgivings. I was Eugenie Markham, badass shaman and slayer of Otherworldly miscreants. This was no different from any of my other jobs. â€Å"Okay,† I told the prisoners, my voice harsh. â€Å"We can make this easy or hard. Answer my questions, and it'll go a lot faster and smoother for all of us.† The woman glared at me. â€Å"We don't answer to you.† â€Å"That's the funny thing,† I said. â€Å"You do. You're in my land. You're under my rule, my jurisdiction.† She spat on the ground. â€Å"You're a usurper. You stole the land from Aeson.† Considering the way power was always shifting in the Otherworld, I found that statement ludicrous. â€Å"Everyone's a usurper here. And in case you haven't heard, I didn't steal the land from him so much as blow him up.† Her face remained hard, but I saw the slightest flicker of fear in the guy's face. I turned to him. â€Å"What about you? You going to be reasonable? Are you going to tell me where the girls you kidnapped are?† He nervously glanced at his companion. She gave him a hard look, its message easily interpretable: Don't talk. I sighed. I didn't want to resort to torture. All-powerful ruler or not, it was just an ugly thing I didn't want to dirty my hands with. I had a feeling my iron athame pointed at their throats would go a long way to get them to communicate. Instead, I opted for another solution. Producing my wand, I stepped away from the others and spoke the words to summon Volusian. The momentary cold descended upon us, and then the spirit stood before me. Rurik and the guard were growing accustomed to this, but the prisoners gasped. â€Å"Volusian,† I said. â€Å"Got a task for you.† â€Å"As my mistress commands.† I gestured to the prisoners. â€Å"I need you to put muscle on them. Get them to talk.† Volusian's red eyes widened slightly, the closest he ever came to looking happy. â€Å"But you can't kill them,† I added hastily. â€Å"Or hurt them-much.† The pseudo-happiness disappeared. â€Å"Start with the guy,† I said. Volusian sidled across the cell and was only reaching his hand out when the guy cracked. â€Å"Alright! Alright! I'll talk,† he cried. â€Å"Stop, Volusian.† The spirit stepped back, his glum expression growing. â€Å"I don't know anything about girls disappearing,† the man said. â€Å"We aren't taking them.† â€Å"You've been preying on people,† I pointed out. â€Å"And girls have been vanishing near your base of operation. Seems kind of suspicious.† He shook his head frantically, eyeing Volusian warily. â€Å"No, it's not us.† â€Å"Have you heard of them disappearing?† â€Å"Yes. But it's not us.† His words were adamant. â€Å"Yeah, well, I find it hard to believe they're all running off. If it's not you, then who is it?† â€Å"You're a fool,† the woman snapped. â€Å"What would we do with a group of girls?† â€Å"The same thing men usually use girls for,† I replied. â€Å"We can barely feed our own people! Why would we take on more mouths to feed?† That was kind of a good question. â€Å"Well, you still haven't really given me another explanation.† â€Å"We heard a monster's doing it,† the man blurted out. â€Å"A monster,† I repeated flatly. I looked over to Rurik who simply shrugged. I turned back to the prisoners. â€Å"Any details on this monster?† Neither responded. It was strange, particularly considering how some prejudiced part of me still regarded most gentry as dishonest, but I believed them about not taking the girls. I thought the monster explanation was bullshit, but they might honestly have believed it to be true. Volusian took a step forward without my command, and the guy hastily spoke. â€Å"The monster lives in our land. In the Ald-Thorn Land, that is.† â€Å"How do you know that?† I asked. â€Å"Because only girls from the Thorn Land have disappeared,† the woman said. â€Å"Westoria borders the Rowan Land, and two of their villages are very close. Skye and Ley. But they've had no one go missing.† â€Å"You guys seem to know a lot about this for allegedly not being involved.† â€Å"We don't need to be involved. We raid both sides of the border-word gets around.† She spoke of her raiding as a matter of pride, and I tried not to roll my eyes. â€Å"Okay. Let's put the girls on hold. Where did the fire demons come from?† No answer. I sighed again. â€Å"Volusian.† Volusian swiftly moved forward again and wrapped his hand around the guy's throat. Most spirits had little substance, but with his power, Volusian was as solid as any of us, his touch cold and deadly. The man screamed and crumpled to the ground. â€Å"Stop! Stop!† yelled the woman. â€Å"I'll tell you.† I halted Volusian and looked at her expectantly. The man remained on the floor, rubbing his throat and moaning. The skin on his neck bore bright red marks. The woman looked angrier than ever. â€Å"It's our leader who summons them. Cowan.† â€Å"You expect me to believe some vagrant has that kind of power?† I asked. â€Å"Why isn't he off working for a noble?† â€Å"He was a noble, one of Aeson's advisors. He preferred to live a rough life, rather than work for someone like you.† â€Å"Aeson did have a noble named Cowan,† Rurik said. â€Å"Her story isn't implausible.† I suddenly felt weary. None of these were the answers I wanted. No leads on the girls, and now I had a rogue noble who could summon demons. â€Å"Okay,† I said. â€Å"That's all I've got for now.† â€Å"What are you going to do with us?† the woman demanded. â€Å"Another excellent question,† I murmured. â€Å"Aeson would have killed them,† said Rurik. â€Å"And you know I'm not Aeson.† Would setting them free accomplish anything? Much of what they'd done had been from hunger and desperation, not that that justified robbing and potentially killing and kidnapping. If I freed them out of guilt, I doubted they'd learn their lessons and go on to become upright citizens. I certainly wasn't going to kill them, though. I didn't even want to hold them in this cell much longer. The guard who'd accompanied Rurik cleared his throat. â€Å"Your majesty, you could sentence them to a work detail.† â€Å"A work detail?† â€Å"There are others like them, other criminals, who serve a term doing labor as punishment for their deeds.† â€Å"Like digging your aque†¦whatever,† said Rurik. That didn't sound so bad. And hey, it might actually be useful. I gave the order and was assured the two prisoners would be transported to their work site. The whole thing felt a little strange. Here I was judge, jury, and-if I chose-executioner. No one argued with my decision. No one questioned the time I set-six months. Although, Rurik's arched eyebrow made me think he would have sentenced them to life. â€Å"Okay,† I said when we'd emerged out of the lower levels of the castle and I'd sent away Volusian. â€Å"Now I'm going home.† Shaya suddenly rounded the corner. â€Å"There you are,† she said anxiously. â€Å"I've been looking for you.† â€Å"I'm leaving.† Her face turned confused. â€Å"But Prince Leith is here to see you.† â€Å"Who†¦oh.† The image came back to me. The moderately cute guy from the party. The Rowan Queen's son, who hadn't been all that annoying. â€Å"Why is he here?† â€Å"After your last visit, I dispatched those with any affinity for metal out to search for copper. They found a lot of it-thought it's been difficult to extract-and I sent out word that we'd be in a position to set up trade for it soon. Leith is here to negotiate on behalf of his mother.† â€Å"Man,† I said. â€Å"You guys move fast.† Her looked turned wry. â€Å"Well, yes, but there's also the fact that you invited him to visit sometime. He's taking you up on the offer. In fact, I suspect seeing you is more important than the trade negotiations.† â€Å"Good thing. Because I'm not so good in the way of negotiations.† I never wore a watch and had left my cell phone back in Tucson. I had no idea what time it was, only that I was spending more and more time in the Otherworld. Seeing Leith was only going to delay me further. â€Å"I'll see him. But it's going to be fast.† Shaya looked relieved. I think she'd worried I would bolt, which was a very good fear to have. As we walked to the chamber Leith was waiting in, she gave me a curious look. â€Å"Perhaps you'd†¦like to change and clean up first?† I looked at my clothes. They were pretty badly wrinkled, and I didn't doubt that I had grass in my hair from last night. â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"The less appealing he finds me, the better.† Unfortunately, that proved impossible. When we entered the room, Leith leapt up, face aglow with delight. â€Å"Your majesty! It's so wonderful to see you again.† He swept me a half-bow and kissed my hand. â€Å"You look amazing.† He was apparently into the grunge look. â€Å"I hope you don't mind me arriving like this. When my mother heard the news of your find, she wanted to make sure we could get in on it as soon as possible.† â€Å"Sure,† I said, taking my hand back. â€Å"No problem.† The room was a comfortable parlor that still bore the signs of Aeson's tastes in decorating. Tapestries, lots of velvet, and dark colors. Everyone waited for me to sit on one of the plush sofas and then followed suit. I made a point of kind of sprawling on mine. It wouldn't have been out of the range of gentry etiquette for Leith to come snuggle up beside me. As it was, he was still beaming at me and seemed a bit put out when Shaya jumped right in. â€Å"So, your highness. We'd like to discuss trading our copper for your wheat.† As they began to talk, I had a sudden flashback to that god-awful board game my mother used to make me play, Pit. I let my mind wander as the two of them hashed out the finer details of matters I didn't entirely understand. My thoughts drifted to some upcoming jobs I had, the mystery of the demons and the missing girls, and of course, Kiyo. Always Kiyo. Leith and Shaya wrapped up their negotiations fairly quickly. From the happy look on her face, I took it our team had come out ahead. With a polite bow in my direction, Shaya rose, holding some papers to her chest. â€Å"If you'll excuse me, I'm going to have these written up and formalized so that the prince can sign them before he leaves.† I took this as my cue to entertain him, but nothing readily came to mind. I couldn't really talk to him about reality TV or American politics. Finally, lamely, I said, â€Å"Thanks for your help. I mean, with the trade and everything.† He grinned. â€Å"We're getting as much out of it as you. Maybe more.† â€Å"Shaya didn't seem to think so,† I said, speaking without thinking. This made him laugh. â€Å"She's a good negotiator. You're lucky to have her.† He leaned forward. â€Å"Especially since I'm guessing this really isn't your†¦well, let's just say it's not one of your normal pastimes.† The frankness caught me by surprise. I'd expected him to remain starstruck and silly, like most of the guys around here who wanted to hit on me. Leith's current expression wasn't lecherous or adoring now, just knowing and sympathetic. â€Å"No, it's really not. This is a kind of a big life change.† â€Å"And yet, you knew you'd be taking this on when you defeated Aeson.† I hesitated. Both Shaya and Rurik had hinted to me on a number of occasions that I really shouldn't elaborate on the totally unexpected-and unwanted-nature of my queen-ship. Even if I hadn't fought Aeson with the specific intent of supplanting him, the point remained now that I was stuck with this. Coming across as weak and whiny to those outside my inner circle could create more problems. â€Å"Well, yeah,† I said brightly. â€Å"We just didn't anticipate this many problems when the land changed.† â€Å"But this is how your world is?† â€Å"The part I live in. But we've had a long time to get used to it and figure out ways to survive and get water in. I gave Shaya books on how to construct some of that stuff, so hopefully she'll find someone to do it.† His brow furrowed. â€Å"Is there any way I could take a look? I might able to help.† For a moment, I wondered if this was his new ploy to schmooze me-until I recalled what Shaya had said about him having a brilliant mind for technology, inasmuch as the gentry could. If he could parse diagrams and whatnot, it might be worth getting closer to him. â€Å"Sure,† I said. â€Å"We could certainly use it.† He smiled again, and as it lit up his face, even I could acknowledge he was pretty good-looking. Not like Kiyo, of course. Or even†¦well, like Dorian. But pretty cute. â€Å"I'll set to it as soon as I can. If there's anything else I can do to make this easier for you, I'll do it.† There was an enraptured look on his face. Yeah, he definitely had a crush, but he didn't irritate me in the way so many other more obnoxious suitors did. An odd thought occurred to me. â€Å"Leith†¦here's something you might be able to help with. Have you ever heard of girls disappearing from the Rowan Land? In the areas that border my land?† The look on his face showed that this was the last question he'd expected from me. â€Å"I†¦beg your pardon?† â€Å"Girls have been disappearing from my land, right near your borders.† What were those names? â€Å"Skye and Ley. But the people I talked to say nothing's happening to your girls. Do you know anything about this?† He shook his head, utterly confused. â€Å"No†¦I'm afraid I don't know very much about the lives of those people.† Leith's words weren't contemptuous by any means, but there was an implication that villagers and peasants just weren't people he associated with. It reminded me of Rurik's comments about how Aeson would have never troubled himself to investigate bandits or missing girls unless they directly affected him. Leith wasn't as much of an asshole as Aeson, but he and his mother were likely just as out of touch as any other noble. I think a fair amount of disappointment must have shown on my face because he suddenly grew eager to make me feel better. â€Å"But I swear, I'll look into this when I return. I'll ask Mother, and we'll send messengers out to report back. I'll find out everything I can for you.† I smiled at his enthusiasm. â€Å"Thanks, Leith. It's really great of you to help.† â€Å"Helping a pretty queen is no trouble at all. By the way, have you ever thought about getting a crown?† We talked a little longer, and I found he actually was a really nice guy, given to moments of humor and intelligence. It wasn't enough for me to jump into bed with him, but I appreciated finding someone else to connect with in the Otherworld. Shaya returned at last with the paperwork-hand-printed on scrolls, of course-and while Leith signed, we got a hold of the engineering books for him. His eyes widened with delight, and I swear, he probably could have sat down and started reading then and there on the floor. Instead, he took the hint that I had other things to do, and after many more compliments and hand kisses, he took his leave. â€Å"You've given him another open invitation,† Shaya pointed out. â€Å"Yeah, I know. But he's harmless. I like him.† â€Å"None of them are harmless, your majesty.† I couldn't entirely tell if she was joking or not. â€Å"Well, it'll be worth the hassle if he can solve our water problem and help with the girls.† â€Å"The girls?† I gave her a quick recap of my interrogation with the prisoners. Her face turned thoughtful as she processed my words. â€Å"Skye and Ley†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Do you know those towns?† She nodded. â€Å"They and Westoria are configured in a way that places them equidistant from a gateway. A crossroads.† â€Å"What, to my world?† She nodded again. â€Å"Huh. I wonder if that's a coincidence. I wonder†¦I wonder if it's possible that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One of my crazier ideas came to me. â€Å"Do you think those girls could be leaving and going to my world?† â€Å"I don't know. Shining ones do often cross over. It's not unheard of.† â€Å"Yeah, I know. To cause trouble. Or to steal women.† I had to fight a scowl on that one. My own mother had been one such woman, abducted and forced to be my father's mistress. â€Å"You think these girls are going to go kidnap guys so they can have kids?† The easy ability to conceive was why so many humans got kidnapped. Usually, it was gentry men taking human women. Shaya's smile turned wry. â€Å"I somehow doubt it would come to that. Women have been known to cross over, spend time in your world, and return pregnant. They don't need to bring the men back.† Fair point. Well, this was certainly a weird development. I'd have to wait and see what Leith reported back, but I supposed if these girls weren't actually being abducted†¦well, there was little for me to do. Admittedly, I'd always fought adamantly against gentry sneaking to the human world, but I wasn't sure where the right and wrong of this situation lay. â€Å"I guess that'd be easier to deal with than a monster taking them. Still leaves that stupid demon problem.† I sighed. â€Å"Well, one issue at a time, I guess.† â€Å"Are you leaving now?† â€Å"Yes. Finally. Thanks for handling this today.† â€Å"Of course,† she said. She actually sounded like she meant it. Her pleased expression turned momentarily hesitant. â€Å"Although†¦there's something you should know. Someone else responded right away to the trade offer.† â€Å"That's good news.† â€Å"It's Dorian.† â€Å"Oh.† Of course Dorian would respond. How could he stay away from an opportunity to put me at his mercy? â€Å"You can deal with it, though, right?† â€Å"Well, that's just it. He's specifically requested that you talk to him. At his home.† â€Å"What?† I stared. â€Å"He†¦he can't do that.† That wry smile of hers returned. â€Å"He's a king. He can do anything he wishes.† â€Å"Yeah, but Leith came here! Dorian just wants me to go to him so that he can taunt me.† And no doubt flaunt Ysabel in front of me. â€Å"Leith's kingdom needs copper more than Dorian's. I suspect Dorian is doing this as a personal favor to you.† â€Å"That's not exactly how I'd put it.† She shook her head, the amusement now warring with exasperation. â€Å"I know there's tension between you, but I suspect if you could be nice to King Dorian, he might make us a very generous deal. One that could help us immensely.† A generous deal. The Oak Land was flourishing. I didn't doubt they had all sorts of food and other items we could use. I thought about those poor people in Westoria and even about my prisoners who'd spoken of having too many mouths to feed. I sighed. â€Å"Fine. I'll talk to him. And I'll even be nice.† I started to turn away, needing more than ever to get back to my own home. Then I glanced back behind me. â€Å"But Shaya? Just to be safe, you might want to keep looking for more trade partners.†

History Of Religion Collapsed Into Agnosticism - 1689 Words

There wasn t one particular moment that I lost my faith; no one died, I had no epiphany. It took years of suspicion, snowballing as I grew older, until finally my concept of religion collapsed into Agnosticism. The whole situation reminds me of the Great Santa Revelation of Third Grade, just on a much grander scale. I was born and raised Catholic... to a degree. We only really went to church as a family on Christmas and Easter, maybe a few other holidays throughout the year to curb the guilt. I was Baptized, had Communion, and I went to Sunday school (well, it was on Mondays actually). To think, this is what started all my suspicions in the first place. As the years went by, I started to really pay attention to what I was being taught in church and at catechism. Things weren t adding up. The Bible seemed to me like a storybook; exciting and magical tales to illustrate life s philosophies. I had always assumed that was the point, they were made up for children s benefit. But apparen tly, these stories are supposed, literal Christian history. As a student also growing up in the public school system, learning of science and secular history, I was conflicted. The Bible says that a man built a ship large enough to contain 2 of every type of animal in the natural world. In fact, the exact dimensions of this ship are given: 450 feet long, 75 feet wide and 45 feet high. Today, it is estimated that there are at least 3-30 million different species of animals. So that s at

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest And 1984 Critical Analysis

The two texts studied, 1984 and One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, both teach the viewer essential lessons about the importance of freedom and the dangers of despotism. They do this by showing the viewer how awful life is in the absence of freedom, the constant abuse of power by authoritarian forces, and the elimination of love. The film 1984, directed by Michael Radford, is based on the highly acclaimed novel, 1984, written by George Orwell. The film follows the life of a man called Winston living in a dystopian society. Throughout the film, the viewer sees the cruel consequences Winston faces due to disobeying the oppressive governmental forces, as a result teaching the audience of the importance of freedom and the dangers of despotism.†¦show more content†¦The lack of freedom is shown in One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest when Nurse Ratched prohibits Randle and the others from watching the World Series. In order for Randle to be able to watch the World Series, he must obtain a c ertain amount of votes. At first, he does not, leaving Nurse Ratched once again feeling successful. The second time Randle asks to watch the game, he does obtain the required amount of votes, yet Nurse Ratched claims it does not count, as the requirement was not met while the group meeting was still running. Small instances like this leave people such as Randle left feeling helpless and as if they are not entitled to basic forms of enjoyment. The lesson that each of the texts attempt to show the reader is that freedom is an important aspect of life, even having the freedom to do what we view as minuscule activities, such as to choose what to watch on television. Love is believed to be having a deep affection for someone, whether that be a spouse, parent, or child. Throughout both 1984 and One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest the idea of love is diminished as much as possible. In 1984, love for anything but The Party is prohibited and sex is solely for procreational purposes. Before Winston meets Julia, he follows the Governments commands and abstains from love. However, soon after meeting her he falls in love and is quick to disobey. Eventually they areShow MoreRelatedThe Sociology Of Health And Mental Illness3181 Words   |  13 Pagesmental illness. Word count: 3,132 John Goulder! 1 ï ¿ ¼Introduction: Mental Health as Disparate Social Object Antipsychiatry was as much a cultural phenomenon as an academic or institutional one. Whilst the work of Laing (1960) and Szasz (1960) can be rooted in the Fruedo-Marxist ‘methodological individualism’ of critical theory (Rogers Pilgrim, 2010: 14), or even a broader constructionist critique of medical truth, it just as easily lends itself to a more limited historicist Libertarian reading: mental

The Secret Life of Bees Movie Review Essay - 630 Words

â€Å"The Secret Life of Bees† Movie Review â€Å"The Secret Life of Bees† is a movie that takes us through the incredible journey of a young girl named Lily Owens. She grows up with the horrible memory of the day she accidentally killed her mother. She and the family maid who has tried to fill the empty void as her mother, Rosaleen, escape the mistreatment that Lily receives from her father, T-Ray. After Rosaleen heard the news on T.V. about the Civil Rights Act being passed, she decided to take the opportunity and register to vote. As they got to town to register Rosaleen, she dumped the juice from her chew container onto men who made fun of her. She was arrested, and that is when they escaped. When Lily asks her father for†¦show more content†¦Lily wants to become a writer, and Zach a lawyer. Their relationship continues to grow, and Zach invites Lily to go to a movie with him. Lily and Zach sit with the colored people at the movie, and a mob comes and takes Zach. The Calendar Sisters are heartbroken when they hear the news. May was so sad and depressed about the whole situation that she was found underwater in the river near the house. Zach comes back soon after May’s death. He is shaken up by the experience. It takes a while for the sisters to recover after the traumatic experience. Neil, June’s boyfriend, has been asking her to marry him throughout the whole movie. Eventually she says yes! Rosaleen is accepted into the sisterly bond and she is called â€Å"July.† Lily showed August the picture of her mother and August told her that she was just like her. She came to their house, much like Lily did, and they took care of her. Lily received a few more items from August that belonged to her mother. The items she was given, which included a pin and a picture of Lily and her mother hugging, proved that Lily’s mother, Deborah, loved her. Lily continues to have better days and receives a necklac e and kiss from Zach. As Lily is adapting to life in the Calendar Sister’s home, T-Ray shows up. He figured out where she was by the location of the push pin hole in her wall from the map that once hung there. He demands that Lily come home with him after he sees her standing thereShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesat the same table with him, and a fountain clerk in St. Louis refused to serve him a soft drink. He dealt with these slights the way he would his entire life: He turned away quietly. But Langston decided that instead of running away from the color line and hating himself for being black, like his father had, he would write about the real-life experiences of black people. He was determined to write stories about Negroes, so true that people in faraway lands would read them. James Langston HughesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes inRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis

Patriarchal Societies the Historical Evidence Free Essays

Joelle Davis John Duran John Hicks Morgan Plasse Travis Rogers Eric Thomason PATRIARCHAL SOCIETIES: THE HISTORICAL EVIDENCE AND CONTEMPORARY DIRECTION â€Å"Feminism is the radical notion that women are human beings. † ? Cheris Kramarae INTRODUCTION Since the first records of complex civilizations, male dominance in human culture has molded itself into global societies and has forced women into lives of subordination and inequality. Historically, men have stood as the primary political figures and leaders, while women have been inclined to take on supportive and more household-oriented roles. We will write a custom essay sample on Patriarchal Societies: the Historical Evidence or any similar topic only for you Order Now This same structure of societies and governments has made its way into nearly every inhabited geographic area, and where has attached itself since the first immigration periods (? ). So from what root did this idealism mysteriously stem? Scientific research points that in times far preceding the birth of complex societies, Neanderthals wandered the Earth in a much different fashion. Evidence derived from fossils and uncovered leftovers seem (noun/verb disagreement: â€Å"Evidence †¦ seems†) to encourage the thought that people lived much more of an egalitarian lifestyle 30,000 years ago. Women, quite possibly, may have helped to hunt as well as nurse children, while men at times may have stayed behind to harvest crops. Though males were the primary hunters, the flexibility that may have been cast on gender roles is polar opposite to what would develop as humans became more advanced. There is a lot of argument and confusion on the topic of patriarchal origins, and what may have happened between this time of suspected weak gender roles and the time of male dominance. Whether or not the answer will ever be clear, its (usage: its or it’s) important to understand how long it has taken for our orld to considered (infinitive) women to be equal. In our nation itself, there was a time in which when an 18 year old boy with no political experience and little to no real world knowledge could stand next to a wise, middle aged, female professional and cast a vote, while she could not. This did not come to an end until 1920, approximately 3,600 years after the creation of th e first set of societal laws in Babylonian times. As we will discuss, patriarchal systems of family and societal life led from early Mesopotamia to all regions of the world over thousands of years. Though present today in almost every nation, the extent of patriarchal influences have diminished (noun/verb) over time and the freedom and rights of women have become more evident. THE ORIGINS OF PATRIARCHAL SOCIETIES The first evidence of patriarchal societies lies as far back in time as the emergence of man’s first complex societies around 3,000 BC. Cities in the West Asian land of Mesopotamia, such as Ur and Uruk of the Sumer region, existed as what are considered the oldest settlements, and were built with the first sophisticated infrastructures and governing domains. The first concepts of patriarchies developed in these cities, and became tightly woven into the structure of future cultures. One of the first sets of law to govern the people of Mesopotamia was written during the era of Babylonia, which began around 2000 BC. Famously known as Hammurabi’s code, the stone-scribed document listed policies and regulations for its people to abide by. These heavily included the rights of women, which were undeniably much more constricted than those of men. The women of Mesopotamia had certain rights, which included the right to buy and sell goods, own property, and work outside of the house. However, the power of men to exist above and over them made these rights appear to be measly and minuscule. Husbands were able to sell their wives into slavery and legally commit adultery and have multiple wives. If women were to cheat on their husbands, they could be ordered to death as their punishment. Politically, men were the primary (if not, only) figures influencing all decisions made, including the development and direction of the city-states. Judging by the example given in Hammurabi’s Code (if a proper noun here, then why not in the few sentences preceding this one? , it is needless to say that that (? ) males controlled the cities of Mesopotamia, and thus, the world’s earlier settlements. The ideas and concepts of patriarchies would grow from this age and wrap around the foundations of nearly every society for millenniums to come. Please acknowledge all ideas you have borrowed from secondary sources and have paraphrased and/or summarized with parenthetical ci tations. PATRIARCHY IN GREECE Some of (? ) most complex societies in our early history came about from between 650 BC – 100 AD along the Mediterranean sea. At the start of this time, Greek society was blooming into one of the most unprecedented cultural beauties, rich with visual, art, drama, mythology, and dramatic literature. In 510 BC, Athens became the site of the first democratic government, paving the way for citizen-oriented governments to come. In this democracy, all men over the age of 18 were granted the right to vote on political issues, which is something that was extremely new in those times. The rights of the common male may have been leaning towards equality, but women still faced subordination to men. In fact, the lack of rights to women across Greek land were solidified (noun/verb) by law. This varied throughout the country, more extreme or less emphasized among different city-states. For instance, in Sparta women were highly respected and able to speak for themselves, yet the land was still run primarily by the male-run military. Athenian women, however, had few rights and were typically confined to their homes. Their husbands were in total control as heads of households, and lead the direction of family’s daily lives. Thus, it is clearly evident that democratic Greece was still heavily influenced by patriarchal philosophies. The word â€Å"patriarch† refers to the male leader of a family and comes from the Greek word â€Å"patriarches. †(The Free Resource) End punctuation follows the parenthetical citation. Ancient Greece was an agricultural society in its founding. Societies that are agricultural are typically patriarchal in the context that the male in the family, whether it is father, husband, or brother, made (shift in verb tense) the key cultural, religious, and financial decisions within the family and community sector (The Free Resource). Ancient Greece followed for the most part in that same context. The system of patriarchy was developed in Greece in roughly the 4th and 5th century B. C. E. Shortly following its establishment, women’s rights and privileges were on the rapid decline. Greek women were not allowed to participate in politics. â€Å"According to legend, the goddess Athena won by just one female vote, the right to name the city Athens. Because of this initiative by a woman, as a punishment, all future generations of women would not be allowed to participate in politics â€Å"(The Free Resource). These kinds of legends and religious beliefs further suppressed and in societal terms it appeared to be justified. Some of the information in this paragraph is redundant. Consider combining this paragraph with the one preceding it. Although woman for (? ) inferior in terms of politics, they were vital and powerful in relation to artisan families and influence behind her husband. â€Å"Socrates spent so much time teaching in the marketplace because of his wife Xantippe’s sharp tongue when he was at home. † (Guisepi, Robert) If you are using MLA style, then delete the comma and first name. A woman with a strong personality behind a man that was firmly rooted in a political forum, such as the Senate, could have large political influence but very much in an indirect format. But in law and culture, women were held inferior. Even the activities of free women were daily put into question and were not respected highly in societal terms. â€Å"The raping of a free woman, though a crime, was a lesser offense than seducing her, since seduction meant winning her affections away from her duties. † (Guisepi, Robert) Even infant females were regarded in a substandard way. Families that were over burdened with children would often resort to infanticide and discard the female infants. The woman’s father usually arranged marriages. Divorce was legal for men but woman had to go to court and were frequently unsuccessful. Adultery was common with men but woman could be divorced or severely punished if caught (Guisepi, Robert). What is the controlling idea in this paragraph? The only Greek society that was vaguely different was Sparta. Education was also extended to girls. Both sexes exercised naked. Women however (comma error) could not compete by the Olympic rules, while Spartan men were very successful (Cartledge, Paul). When their husbands were at war or out of the home, women assumed control and made the necessary choice that her husband would have made. Women could negotiate with their husbands to bring their lovers into the home so they could be monitored (Cartledge, Paul). The way Sparta is portrayed in movies, as being very equal, is rather false. Spartan society exhibited many of the same classic patriarchal beliefs as the rest of Greece did. Does this sentence contradict the topic sentence? PATRIARCHY IN CHINA Patriarchal structures of society have been prominent in Chinese culture since around 1000 BC. Texts dating back 200 BC refer to men being masters of the outside world with women being masters of the home. Immediate families existed (? ) not only focused on parents and offspring, but grandparents, living relatives, and even the spirits of descendants. The senior males of these families demanded respect from all subordinates, including their wives. Women were legally subordinate to men and were usually frowned upon at birth due to the fact that they would one day just become an asset of another family after years of being raised. A common phrase from that time which stayed with China until the end of the imperial period was, â€Å"the three subordinations and the four virtues† being, â€Å"a woman was to be subordinate to her father in youth, her husband in maturity, and her son in old age. (Natalie Bennett)† Punctuate with commas to setoff appositives—for example, â€Å"A common phrase from that time, which stayed with China until the end of the imperial period, was †¦. Also, is â€Å"imperial period† a proper noun? While generally thought of as a more western term, patriarchy has also historically been a heavy influence in Asia, particularly within China (Should we move this to the start of this subtopic? Yes! Organization. ). Men in China have historically held political power, being ruled b y an emperor until 1912. The title of emperor was passed from father to son in each dynasty with the empress holding very limited power. On top of this the emperor and many other upper class men had multiple wives as a symbol of their wealth while women could not have more than on (? husband. The average women were generally considered failures if they grew up without finding a husband or work as a slave; most people in China considered a woman’s job to be a subservient wife (BBC). To make matters worse, during the Song dynasty, around 1000 AD, the custom of foot binding quickly spread among high class families, eventually spreading all across China. Foot binding entails wrapping a young girls (possessive) feet painfully tight which prevents further growth; leading to â€Å"beautiful feet and causing their movements more feminine and dainty† (Nancy Miles) but also causing lifelong disability. Up to 50% of women during the nineteenth century had bound feet; for upper class women it was upward of 95%. Even after it was banned in 1912 many families continued to do it in fear that they may hurt their daughter’s (plural and possessive) chances for good marriage (Louisa Lim). This practice of foot binding even further limited the power of women in Chinese society and in turn helped fuel the patriarchy during the empire. Punctuate with a semi-colon to link independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction; to connect independent clauses separated by a conjunctive adverb; and in a series with internal punctuation. With a transitional signal, you can combine these two paragraphs. There is the more contemporary issue of the country’s one-child policy, leading to many forced sex-selective abortions (awkward). Most parents in China value a male child over a female child, believing sons have more social and economic value so when forced to choose to keep a child they more often keep males. This had (? ) lead to a huge skew in the gender ratios; for every 100 females there are 119 males (Graeme Russle). Post-imperial China has, thankfully, seen (don’t split the verb) large improvements for women’s rights. Women have made a strong push into the economic (? ) and job market, holding the highest percentages of women employed in Asia (BBC). Although the patriarchy in China has been constantly getting smaller in the 20th and 21st century effects of it are still everywhere and change comes slowly, with people fighting for every inch they can get. PATRIARCHY IN INDIA In other parts of Asia, societies dug the foundations of patriarchies far deeper than preceding civilizations. Between 1000 BC and 300 BC, the Vedic empire of East India flourished in rich culture and strong religious elements. However, the extremely strict and conservative laws of the land were particularly harsh on female citizens. The villages, which were administered by men, saw that women were kept from religious and social activities. Political councils were governed primarily by the head of households which were always men, and if all males of the important families died, the family was thus excluded from political activity. Families were led by the oldest male, who also claimed ownership of all family possessions. Women were often wed through arranged marriages right before puberty (to promote virginity at marriage), and were unable to remarry even if their husband (plural) passed away. In rare situations, women would perform sati, a practice in which women would cremate themselves live on their husbands (possessive and plural) funeral pyre. According to the Vedic people, the manners in which the rights of women were regulated so severely were thought to be for their own good. The idea was that if they â€Å"performed [them] with grace and devotion, they might expect a better status in their next incarnation† (74, Judge and Langdon I don’t believe any style formats parenthetical citations in this way). In comparison to its existence in Mesopotamian societies, the concepts of patriarchal societies in India became more influential in daily life than ever witnessed before and would remain even into the modern day. One way to combine this paragraph with the one below is to revise the topic sentence. For example, Patriarchy in India is represented in the caste system and has its roots in the Hindu religion. Since then and still to this day, the representation of patriarchy in India is the caste system. The caste system is defined as, (delete the comma) â€Å"an elaborately stratified social hierarchy distinguishing India’s social structure from any other nation† (1). A person is born into their his/her caste, will shun those from another caste, and never move up in the system in their lifetime. As you go down the hierarchy of the caste system, a person’s â€Å"pureness† diminishes. Women suffered from the bias outlook that women were polluted simply because of the body functions unique to women. Avoid second person pronouns. This view of women automatically placed them below the men of their caste (1). Aside from the caste system, Patriarchy also has roots in the Hindu religion, which is the dominant religion in India. It is believed that aspects of the female principle must be neutralized by the male principle (3). If the female principle is not neutralized, it will result in a violent and destructive behavior. Also, women are believed to have a far greater and uncontrollable sexual appetite than men. It was feared that women would istract men from their religious duties, so men would have to control women in order to control their lust (3). This belief was viewed as justification for male dominance over women. Both the caste system and Hinduism laid the groundwork allowing Patriarchy to flourish in Indian culture. In modern Indian culture, women are gaining more independence from the traditional systems that allowed Patriarchy to function. The Constitution of India, which came into effect on January 26th, 1950, assured its people â€Å"justice, equality, and liberty† (4). In section III, under Article 15, it explicitly lists that â€Å"The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them† (4) Although, before modern laws were written to establish equality, women had a low status in Indian society. After getting married, the Bride’s (capitalization) family was expected to pay large amounts of money to the Groom’s family and was then expected to live with the Groom’s family. Basically, the Bride would have to buy into the family. PATRIARCHY IN THE MIDDLE EAST In the present day Middle East, governing laws have primarily been focused around Islamic religion since its foundations. This legal code, known as Shari’Ah, is based on moral and spiritual ideals, and â€Å"prescribes the pathway to paradise† (Judge and Langdon, 274). The Shari’Ah was completed between 7-9 CE and is still implemented in the legal systems of some Middle Eastern countries today. Combine these two paragraphs. Some of the concepts included in the Shari’ah clearly state the gender roles of men and women in early Islamic society, usually putting women in a place of subordination that is justified as being for their own protection. Men are required to treat their women with honor and respect. The insistence that women be veiled in public and spend much of their lives sequestered in their homes [†¦ ] are designed in part to promote honor and respect for women† (Judge and Langdon, 274). Additionally, men were (shift in tense) allowed to practice polygamy, as long as he â€Å"treats them equally in terms of financial support, sexual intercourse, household duties, and respect† (Judge and Langon, 275). What resulted from this mentality and the strict constitutional view of the Shari’ah, in other words that it cannot be changed (? , was a modernizing society with old fashioned laws. As time passed, women’s rights in the middle east that were originally written for women’s protection began to gradually put women in a position of pure inequality. An issue of debate to this day concerns the status of women in the Middle East. There is an extensive notion that the region and its people are traditional, change is unhurried and is not welcome. In accounts and popular Western perceptions, the status of women is assumed to be universally low, which may be, in all probability, due to the centrality of Islam in the lives of the people and the rules of the earth. Many writings have focused on Middle Eastern women as victims of inflexible laws, oppressive regimes, and fundamentalist engagements. Other writings tend to move too far in an opposing trend, and in overcompensation for the negative portrayal of Middle Eastern women. They try to dispute that Islam elevates women, or that Middle Eastern women actually carry â€Å"vast control†, or â€Å"restrained influence†, at least in their households. It is methodologically incomplete to tender â€Å"Islam† as the illustrative variable in strength and change. The status of women in the Middle East cannot be understood by substitute to Quran explanation, as well as not be possible for those Middle Eastern women are all persecuted, or that they are simple submissive observers of the dealings around them. The longstanding constraints on women’s mobility and freedom of action have been eroded by the process of development and growth. You’ll need to decide whether the Middle East is a proper noun or not, and be consistent. Please acknowledge your sources. This topic sentence suggests you are no longer discussing patriarchy in India. Patriarchal society is a social formation which has traditionally existed in varying forms throughout the world, women being dominated by the male society. In classic patriarchy, the senior man has say-so over everyone else in the family, including younger men, and women are focus to distinct forms of control and subordination. The goal of patriarchy roots in the household, which is also commonly linked with the reproduction of the peasantry in agrarian societies (Kandiyoti 1988). A fragment is a grammatically incomplete sentence, possessing either a subject or a predicate. Making a sentence grammatically complete means it must have a subject and predicate. The subordination of women in kinship-ordered or political societies is related to the reproduction of the family assembly or of the peasantry as well as to the sexual division of labor. There is a disposition to male dominance inherent in the relation between the peasant household, landlords, position, and in the imitation of ordered groups, wherein women are exchanged and men are the translators in what Gayle Rubin has called â€Å"the traffic in women† (Rubin 1975 use the same style throughout this paper). In a patriarchal context, women are assimilated into concepts of property. Forcing an unwanted marriage or mother to the unwanted child forced by society and religion to become obedient towards all men not just their husbands. PATRIARCHY IN THE UNITED STATES Use the tab key to indent all paragraphs. Long before the birth of the United States, ideas of patriarchies were carried westward with the migrations of the Amerinds (? ). This is assumed by researchers because gender roles were present in the first indigenous inhabitants of the West, even as far as Central and South America. Men dominated the political systems of tribes and settlements, while women raised crops and nurtured children at home. This way of assigning designated activities for both men and women was not unlike the gender roles on the opposite side of the planet. Therefore, some studies suggest that when humans migrated to what is now the Americas around 8000-5000 BC, societies were already structured to have males as lead figures while women carried out supportive roles. The standard was set for the duration of the Native Americans’ rule over the North, Central, and South America, and continued until they were dominated by European settlers. A tree with deep roots stood strong and proved very difficult to uproot. It changed over the years since then in various ways and women would eventually gain more power in society, but nonetheless it still existed when the United States became a nation. See my comment above regarding acknowledging sources. European societies based themselves upon the practices of patriarchy, so it is no surprise the first immigrants from Europe took this societal system with them. When the settlers inhabited the newly established colonies, they brought their traditional attitudes concerning the roles women should possess and their status in society with them (Sage 1). â€Å"Puritans organized their family around the unquestioned principle of patriarchy (Vandergriff 1). † â€Å"Their religion taught that family roles were part of a continuous chain of hierarchical and delegated authority descending from God (1). † The parenthetical citation follows the quotation mark. The role of each family member was important to the success of the family. Although the wife was subordinate, she could participate in public life through her husband (Sage 1). If the husband became injured she had to assume his role. This even applied to casting his vote in an election if need be (1). â€Å"Without a strong and productive wife a family would struggle to survive (1). † The father was always in charge in early New England. He had the right to intervene in the lives of his children, control their behavior, and even select their spouse (Vandergriff 1). Marriage was referred to as a contract between two unequal beings. The husband occupied the support role in which it was his responsibility to provide for the family and the wife was expected to be a servant to the husband. The wife was subordinate in the hierarchy of society but before God both men and women were considered equal (Vandergriff 1). Before marriage single women could represent themselves in court, carry out business, and even own property. Once married, however, women could only engage in business with the consent of her husband their husbands. It was believed that after marriage the legal identity of the woman became part of her husband (1). If a woman engaged in business while she was married her personal property, profits, and real estate belonged to her husband. Even if he could not be trusted with it and was not responsible, she could do nothing about it (1). Be aware of redundancies and consider how you might revise and combine this paragraph with the one above. Women were considered to be weaker than men physically, emotionally, and mentally. They were often referred to as â€Å"weaker vessels†. Women lacked the ability to legally vote and could not hold public office in colonial society (Sage 1). Although women had limited rights, many were still able to carry out business and do tasks not generally associated with the traditional roles of women. Labor was limited in the colonies so many women held jobs as midwives, teachers, printers and even doctors (1). In this aspect, the colonial period exhibited a degree of egalitarianism (Vandergriff 1). â€Å"Although women in colonial America could by no means be considered to have been held â€Å"equal† to men, they were as a rule probably as well off as women anywhere in the world, and in general probably even better off (Sage 1). † Nothing in this paragraph supports the topic sentence. During the nineteenth and the twentieth century (plural), many aspects concerning the roles of women, their rights, and their impact on society changed dramatically. In the nineteenth century women began to get out of the house and go to work in great numbers, with The majority worked in the textile industry and garment shops They often worked working many hours and in terrible atmospheres (an example of sentence combining). It was not until around 1910 that states began to pass laws limiting working hours and making working conditions more tolerable (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1). Many jobs began to require education in order to practice the profession. This tended to limit a woman’s ability to enter careers that were considered professional. This was fairly common in the medical field. The American Medical Association was started in 1846, but and women were not permitted to join this association or men’s medical colleges, so they attended female schools (1). From 1890 to 1980 the percentage of total female doctors who were women went (diction) from five percent to seventeen percent. Women improved their statuses in other professions such as law and engineering as well (1). The teaching profession was a huge field of employment for women. More than twice as many women were teachers of elementary and high school compared to men in 1980. However, two out of every three teachers of higher education were male. Even in the present day, most working women find employment in clerical, retail, and service jobs (1). Combine simple sentences. A woman’s education seemed to always be secondary to a man’s. Towards the end of the 19th century the number of women attending secondary schools increased greatly due to the rise in female colleges and women being permitted to enroll in colleges with men. One-fifth of college students were women in 1870; by 1900 the proportion of women to men in college had grown to one-third (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1). â€Å"Women obtained 19 percent of all undergraduate college degrees around the beginning of the 20th century. By 1984 the figure had sharply increased to 49 percent. Women also increased their numbers in graduate study. By the mid-1980s women were earning 49 percent of all master’s degrees and about 33 percent of all doctoral degrees. In 1985 about 53 percent of all college students were women (1). Numerous laws were passed in the 1900’s to benefit women and to increase equality between the sexes. In 1920, women gained the right to vote by the nineteenth amendment (proper noun) (Imbornoni 1). Women now possessed the ability to participate in elections and influence the decisions of society. Women became part of the government during this time as well. Several women served in the House of Represe ntatives and the Senate, starting in 1917 (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1). The Food and Drug Administration approved birth control pills in 1960 (Imbornoni 1). Women now possessed more control over pregnancy. They could now choose to put off having children, while still remaining sexually active. â€Å"The Equal Pay Act of 1963 required equal wages for men and women doing equal work (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1). † â€Å"Despite the Equal Pay Act of 1963, women in 1970 were paid about 45 percent less than men for the same jobs; in 1988, about 32 percent less. Professional women did not get the important assignments and promotions given to their male colleagues (1). † Laws could not completely halt the discrimination of women. Men have always been regarded and treated better than women in the United States. This is partly due to the long standing patriarchal beliefs and practices of our country. â€Å"The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination against women by any company with 25 or more employees (1). † In 1967, executive order 11375 made discrimination based on gender illegal (Imbornoni 1). Women now could share the same opportunities for employment as white males. The Supreme Court upheld a decision stating sex-specific help wanted ads in newspapers were illegal in 1973 (1). By 1985, every state had adopted a law allowing couples to divorce by mutual consent. California was the first state to ratify the law in 1969. (1). Women could now end marriages they no longer wished to be a part of. Roe vs. Wade (1973) gave women the right to a legal abortion and overturned previous anti-abortion laws (1). Women could now end a pregnancy on their own behalf without legal recourse. The twentieth century provided women with many rights, increased their equality in society, and moved the country farther from its traditional patriarchal beliefs. Without the great strides made in these few decades, women would still occupy the same inferior place in society as they did during the previous centuries. See my suggestion above regarding sentence combining. Patriarchy continues to be part of the United States in the present day. Almost everyone participates in patriarchy whether they wish to or not. The practice has been ingrained into so many aspects of our society; it has basically become a part of the individual. Our society contains traits of being dominated by males, male centered, and male identified. These males are frequently obsessed with power and control. Many males go along with patriarchy because it directly benefits them. Abolishing patriarchy would threaten their power and control (Smith 1). People in power, men in this case, want to keep it this way. Historically speaking, powerful positions tend to be regarded as a man’s job. Therefore, as a society we tend to expect our doctors, lawyers, government officials, CEOs, and spiritual leaders to be men as well (1). Society has in the past, and somewhat to this day, associated being a male as a quality for high level positions, and therefore has confused the position with the person in the position (1). Many make assumptions of men being more qualified than women without actually knowing the qualifications of the individual because of this practice. Maleness and masculinity are often used as a basis for comparison in society, and anything not male or masculine is considered less or abnormal. This is clearly evident according to Smith, â€Å"We see the evidence of this characteristic every day in fields like medicine and law where a male lawyer, judge or doctor is just called a lawyer, judge, or doctor, but a female holding the same position is a ‘woman lawyer’, a ‘woman judge’, a ‘woman doctor’. This is because the assumption is that someone in that position should be male. That is the ‘normal’ way of things. When someone who is not male is in one of those positions, we feel the need to identify it as ‘other’ (1). † Women still receive less pay than a man for the same job. In 2009, President Obama signed the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act, which allows victims (mostly women) of pay discrimination to file a complaint within 180 days of their last paycheck. The law was named after a Goodyear employee who was paid fifteen to forty percent less than her male counterparts (Imbornoni 1). Our society is remarkably male centered. Men are associated with power so it is normal and expected of them to be in the political spotlight. Because of this association, it is hardly noticed that the news, in general, focuses on men and stories pertaining to them (Smith 1). Men are on the covers of magazines, in the news, and their stories are on television. Stories and ads are directly influenced by the gaze of men (1). Smith hits the nail on the head when he says, Block quotes of four lines or more by tabbing twice and deleting quotation marks—e. g. In women’s magazines, we see ads that feature women who are nearly naked, advertising bras or the clothes they are almost wearing. This is not because women like to look at other women but because women are being taught that they have to look a certain way in order for men to like them. Even the articles in women’s magazine are male centered as the focus on such topics as ‘ways to please him’ and †˜how to know if your man is cheating’. The male gaze, and thus male centeredness, is something that we cannot get away from. (1) As time has pressed on, women now enjoy much more freedom and potential in society presently than ever before. Women now hold many high level jobs, run companies, and are eligible to pursue careers in any field. Patriarchy has diminished greatly over the years but is still evident. It will continue to exist in America if society continues to be male centered. Men will surely hold on to their privilege and power however they can. Patriarchy in society is essentially a power struggle between the sexes. Women gaining power equates to men losing their previous level of power in society. Perhaps one day our society will be completely egalitarian. A woman has never been elected president. Maybe society needs a woman in the highest achievable position in order to reduce the influence of patriarchy. No other event or position could influence the changing of tradition and upset the power men hold in society as much as a woman being the commander and chief. CONCLUSION For thousands of years, we have lived in â€Å"a man’s world†. Since human civilizations emerged, men have been in charge, ruled the lands, and determined the paths of people to come. So many generations have lived by this belief in pure, conscious or subconscious patriarchal means, and now times are changing. Today, women are enjoying a higher level of freedom, and are stepping up to positions unheard of for women to hold a century ago. Many nations have female presidents, and women all over the world are universally striving for equality. However, change cannot occur overnight. In around a century, we have witnessed a miraculous progression of universal women’s rights coming into existence, a surge of females into a broad, professional workforce, and governmental influences being carried out by female politicians. The more aware women are of patriarchal influences in society, the more can be done to advance universal equality. Equality is essential to rid the world of the belief that a woman cannot do a man’s job or is less qualified because of her gender. You’ve done an excellent job researching this topic. You have a good thesis and support. If you decide to revise this paper and resubmit as the final paper, then consider the following: paragraph combining; consistent use of MLA style throughout, including parenthetical citations and the Works Cited page; and proofread carefully, as there are serious errors in this paper—for example, noun/verb disagreements and fragments. Grade: B- How to cite Patriarchal Societies: the Historical Evidence, Essay examples